During which historical period did Vitruvius write "de Architectura"?

Vitruvius wrote "De Architectura," also known as "Ten Books on Architecture," during the reign of Augustus, which is significant as it represents both a time of peace and prosperity in Rome following years of civil war. The text serves as a comprehensive guide to architecture and engineering, reflecting the values and aesthetic preferences of the Augustan era.

Augustus sought to legitimize his rule and promote the glory of Rome through monumental architecture and public works. Vitruvius' work encapsulates this ambition, emphasizing the importance of architectural theory, utility, durability, and beauty, which aligned closely with the goals of Augustus in reconstructing and beautifying the city of Rome. This historical context is pivotal, as it illustrates how the political climate influenced architectural practices and philosophies during this time.

The other historical periods listed do not align with the evidence in the timeline of Vitruvius' life and work. For instance, while there were notable developments in architecture during the Pontificate of Nero and the rule of Julius Caesar, these periods did not coincide with the creation of "De Architectura." The late Republic, although important in its own right, precedes the Augustan era when Vitruvius was active in his writing and influence on architecture