What is the name of the atrium in a Roman house, usually surrounded by a garden and columns?

The atrium you are referring to, which is usually surrounded by a garden and columns, is indeed known as the peristyle. In Roman architecture, the peristyle is an open courtyard that is typically encompassed by a colonnade. This design serves to create a central space that often features gardens, fountains, or other decorative elements, making it a significant feature in the typical layout of a Roman house, particularly in wealthier residences known as domus.

This area represents both a functional and a social space within the home, allowing for light and air while also serving as a place for relaxation and gathering. The integration of gardens within the peristyle enhances the aesthetic appeal of the home, embodying the Roman appreciation for nature and beauty in domestic architecture.

In contrast, the other terms represent different features or areas within Roman houses. Fauces refers to the entrance corridor leading into the atrium, laconicum denotes a type of sauna or hot room, and piscina is the term for a fish pond or a basin within a house. Therefore, the peristyle stands out as the correct answer for the described atrium surrounded by garden and columns.