What type of estates, possibly owned by the local aristocracy, were known for larger agricultural production?

The correct answer is Villa Rustica, which refers to a type of Roman villa specifically designed for agricultural production and rural activities. These estates were typically large and often owned by aristocrats who took advantage of the fertile land to produce a variety of crops and livestock. The Villa Rustica served as a working farm, combining living quarters for workers with facilities for processing and storing agricultural produce.

In contrast, Villa Mariana and Villa Urbana serve different functions. Villa Mariana refers to a type of villa associated with leisure or pleasure, often featuring elaborate gardens and recreational areas, making it less focused on agricultural output. Domus, on the other hand, pertains to a type of urban dwelling typical for wealthy families in cities like Pompeii and Herculaneum, emphasizing residential rather than agricultural use. Thus, Villa Rustica stands out as the estate type specifically aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity.