What was a major consequence of the Social War for Rome?

The Social War, which occurred from 91 to 88 BCE, had significant implications for the structure of Roman society and governance. One of the most notable consequences was the extension of citizenship rights to the Italian allies who fought in the conflict. Prior to the war, these allies had been involved in a struggle for greater political rights and recognition within the Roman state. The conflict prompted the Senate to reconsider their status, leading to the eventual granting of Roman citizenship to many of these groups.

This shift was important not only because it acknowledged the contributions and sacrifices of the Italian allies but also because it altered the dynamics of Roman society. It expanded the base of Roman citizenship, integrating a larger population into the political and social fabric of Rome, which would have lasting effects on Roman identity and governance.

The other options, while related to the broader context of Roman history, do not directly capture the primary outcome of the Social War. The war did not notably expand Rome's territorial possessions or strengthen the Senate's power in a way that could be deemed a direct consequence. Rather, the power dynamics were shifting with the involvement of military leaders and the emerging forces that would ultimately lead to the rise of military dictatorship, which was a later development in the Roman political landscape.