Which Roman divinities were believed to protect food and household implements?

The Penates were the Roman divinities specifically associated with the protection of food and household implements. They were considered guardians of the pantry and all provisions within the home, ensuring the family's sustenance and well-being. This role made them integral to domestic worship; families would often honor the Penates in daily rituals, acknowledging their importance in maintaining household stability and prosperity.

In Roman belief, the Penates were closely linked to the Lares, who were protective spirits of the household and often represented the family's ancestors. However, the Lares focused more on the overall well-being and safety of the home rather than on food provisions specifically.

Vesta, on the other hand, was the goddess of the hearth and home, representing the sacred fire and domestic life, but her domain did not specifically extend to food and household implements like that of the Penates.

Janus, the two-faced god, symbolized beginnings, transitions, and doorways, which is unrelated to the protection of food and household items.

Thus, the Penates are recognized as the deities dedicated to safeguarding the essentials of nourishment and household functionality.